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Abstract: Born in 1812, the eldest of eleven children, after attending the local school he left at fourteen and joined Dr. Robert Lewins as an apprentice and then went to Edinburgh University in 1829 to study medicine and graduated in 1832. While in Edinb
Absract: After the passage of the 1867 Reform Act, working class males now formed the majority in most borough constituencies. Employers were still able to use their influence in some constituencies because of the open system of voting. Employers and land
Abstract: Born in 1770, the son of the Baronet of Foremark. After being educated at Westminster School and Oxford University, he went on a long tour of Europe. In 1797 he became a member of the House of Commons. He opposed the suspension of Habeas Corpus
Anstract: Born in Bury, Lancashire, on 5th February, 1788. Educated at Harrow School and Christ Church, Oxford, he won a double first in classics and mathematics. Robert Peel entered the House of Commons in April 1809, at the age of twenty-one. In 1822,
Abstract: The Six Acts were a response by Lord Liverpool and his Tory government to the Peterloo Massace of 1819. When Parliament reassembled on 23rd November, 1819, the government's Home Secretary, announced their details. By the 30th December, 1819
Abstract: Thomas Spence a schoolteacher from Newcastle-upon-Tyne arrived in London in December 1792. Soon after arriving he was arrested for selling Rights of Man by Tom Paine. For the next twenty years of his life Spence spent long periods in prison for
Abstract: A tax was first imposed on British newspapers in 1712. The tax was gradually increased until in 1815 it had reached 4d. a copy. As few people could afford to pay 6d. or 7d. for a newspaper, the tax restricted the circulation of most of these jo
Abstract: The son of the 13th Earl of Derby, was born at Knowsley Park, Lancashire in 1799. He was educated at Eton and Christ College, Oxford and entered parliament for Stockbridge in 1820. In 1841 Stanley agreed to join the Conservative government led b
Abstract: Eldest son of the 14th Earl of Derby, was born on the 21st July 1826. He was educated at Rugby School and Trinity College, Cambridge. In 1848 Stanley went in a tour of the West Indies, America and Canada. While he was away he was elected as the
Abstract: Born at Hawne House, Halesowen on 6th October, 1783. After being educated at Wolverhampton Grammar School, he began work at his father's bank. Attwood first became involved in politics when he joined the campaign against the East India Comp
Abstract: The son of the ninth Earl of Dundonald, was born in Annsfield, Lanarkshire in 1775. He was educated at home and after a brief spell at the Chauvet Military Academy in London, he joined the Royal Navy. Cochrane became captain of H.M.S. Speedy in
Abstract: Born in Leicester in 1805, he educated himself at home and in 1828 opened his own school in Gainsborough. At one time he had over a hundred pupils but his decision to provide lessons in Latin and Greek rather than concentrating on the basic subj
Abstract: Born in Liverpool on 5th March, 1768 and educated at a boarding school in London, he was a good student and at seventeen went to Queens' College, Cambridge. In 1802, now a lawyer, he was asked to become a candidate at Thetford and at the ag
Abstract: Born in Yorkshire in 1796. After his education at Harrow School Duncombe joined the Coldstream Guards. While in the army he met General Ronald Ferguson, and was influenced by his ideas and when he retired from the army in 1819 began to look for
Abstract: Born in August 1747. After being educated at Eton and Queen's College, Cambridge, he became a curate at Leatherhead in Surrey where he came under the influence of the radical preacher, Joseph Priestley. Palmer became dissatisfied with the d
Abstract: Born in Larbert, Scotland in 1752. After a brief education at the local school, he went to work for his grandfather who taught him the trade of shoemaking. Trade was difficult and Hardy gradually came to the conclusion that his economic problems
Abstract: Vorn in 1822 and educated at Oriel College, Oxford, he trained as a lawyer. While a student he read The Kingdom of Christ (1838) by Frederick Denison Maurice. In the book Maurice argued that politics and religion are inseparable and that the chu
Abstract: Born in Leicestershire in 1800. He became editor of the Christian Observer and in 1823 joined with others to form the Anti-Slavery Society. Macaulay became very interested in utilitarianism and was influenced by the ideas of Jeremy Bentham and J
Abstract: Born in Glasgow in 1765. He began attending Glasgow Grammar School in 1770 and at the age of ten was admitted to Glasgow University. He embarked upon the study of divinity, however, in 1782 he abandoned his studies for the Church and began atten
Spent seventeen years in the House of Commons, remained a strong supporter of parliamentary reform and was one of the few members of the House who defended the activities of the Chartists. As one of the main opponents of the stamp duty on newspapers, in 1
Industrialist owner of an important textile company in Bradford, then built an industrial community called Saltaire with improved working conditions. Active in politics he did not believe that the 1832 Reform Act went far enough. In 1835 he founded the B
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